Repositorio

Complete nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences were obtained for 18 Chondrus populations collected at 15 sites from eight countries worldwide. Pairwise comparisons with the multiple alignment revealed that intraspeci

Solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR, 280–400 nm) is known to inhibit the photosynthesis of macroalgae,
whereas nitrogen availability may alter the sensitivity of the algae to UVR. Here, we show that UV-B

(280–315 nm) significantly

Many outstanding questions about dinoflagel-
late evolution can potentially be resolved by establishing a

robust phylogeny. To do this, we generated a data set of
mitochondrial cytochrome b (cob) and mitochondrial

cytochrome c o

The data for worldwide seaweed production for the years 1994/1995 are summarised. At least 221 species of seaweed were used, with145 species for food and 101 species for phycocolloid production. 2,005,459 t dry weight was produced, with 90% coming from

The Water Framework Directive (WFD) is now well established as the key management imperative in river
basins across Europe. However, there remain significant concerns with the way WFD is implemented and
there is now a need for water managers

Habitat-forming invasive species cause large, novel changes to the abiotic environment. These changes may elicit important behavioural  esponses in native fauna, yet little is known about mechanisms driving this behaviour and h

Although differences in growth-form have been widely used in delimiting taxa of non-geniculate coralline red algae (Corallinales, Rhodophyta), there has been no consistent application of the more than 100 terms employed to

A cDNA encoding glutamine synthetase (GS) was characterized from the red alga, Gelidium crinale (Turner) Gaillon, using reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and the 5′- and 3′-rapid amplific

A phylogeny for the Rhodophyta has been inferred by parsimony analysis of plastid rbcL sequences representing 81 species, 68 genera, 38 families, and 17 orders of red algae; rbcL encodes the large subunit of

Gigartinine, 5-(3-amidinoureido)-2-aminovaleric acid, serves as a chemotaxonomic marker to distinguish two species of Gracilaria with very similar morphologies. Gigartinine was identified by 13C-NMR spectroscopy and amino a

Environmental and biological parameters were analysed for populations of Gigartina skottsbergii (Setchell & Gardner) at Calbuco, Llanquihue Province (sheltered environment) and Ancud, Chiloe Province (exposed environmen

Tetraspores of Petrocelis cruenta J. Agardh from County Waterford, Ireland gave rise to foliose, dioecious gametophytes in culture. Carpospores from this foliose phase gave rise to Petrocelis-like crusts that have not repro

Certain forms of oligocellulose and certain bacterially excreted peptides were identified as endogenous and exogenous elicitors, respectively, of a tip bleaching response in Gracilaria conferta (Schousboe ex Montagne) J. et G. Feldmann. The half-m

Saccharina japonica is a brown alga that has
been commercially cultured on a large scale in China.
Integrating the light condition under seawater and the
adaptation of Saccharina to this condition, it is expected
that blue light wou

Relative growth rates (RGRs), yields and agar characteristics of three gracilarioid isolates (Gracilariopsis sp. from St. Helena Bay, and Gracilaria gracilis isolates from Langebaan Lagoon and Saldanha Bay) were measured to

A marine culture medium (MCM) has been developed and shown to have the unique ability to support the growth of several coralline algae. The results of experiments designed to determine the effects of varying certa

The green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a convenient model organism for the study of basic biological processes, including DNA repair investigations. This review is focused on the studies of DNA repair pathways in C. reinhardtii. Emp

We compared 3 simple techniques for estimating the concentration of microphytoben-
thos chlorophyll a at the sediment surface using high spectral-resolution field spectra. The tech-
niques are based on relationships established between chloro

El objetivo general de esta tesis fue el estudio de los efectos del evento El Niño y de
la surgencia costera permanente en la dinámica de las poblaciones de Macrocystis
integrifolia en el norte de Chile. Para cumplir con el obje

Chondrus canaliculatus (C. Agardh) Greville used to cover extensive areas at Puerto Aldea 308169 S, 718309 W), Tongoy Bay, Chile. The exploitation of this commercially-valuable alga without knowledge of its produc

A number of factors influenced yield from natural beds of marine algae in Chile. These factors are related not only to biological and ecological knowledge of the algal resource, but also to external events, such as; (1) the pressure of internation

Abiotic and biotic factors affecting seasonal variations in the biomass and reproductive condition of Chondracanthus chamissoi were evaluated in a population at La Herradura Bay, northern Chile. During spring, increase in t

Este trabajo analiza los efectos de El

Niño 1997-1998 en las comunidades submarea-
les costeras en una localidad del norte de Chi-
le, enfatizando los cambios registrados sobre

los patrones de abundancia y distribuci&oacu

Lessonia nigrescens and L. trabeculata are economically important canopy-forming kelps in Chile . Experi-
mental harvesting of stipes above the first dichotomy reduces stipe movement and inter-stipe friction,

allowing the development of a h

La flora marina de ocho localidades del estado de Tamaulipas, fue
estudiada durante los meses de mayo a octubre del año 2002. La flora encontrada en
las diferentes localidades es de afinidad netamente tropical, observándose dife

This study investigated copper chloride as an inhibitor of infestations of Ectocarpus siliculosusin Gracilaria gracilis
(Stackhouse) Steentoft, Irvine and Farnham grown in outdoor tank cultures. Copper at concentrations of 400 and
800 g L1 Cu

The causes and consequences of the coexistence of a number of species in a given habi-
tat have attracted ecological research for several decades. Numerous theories have been developed

in this context, including the ‘intermediate dist

Quantification and comparisons of the structure of subtidal marine communities are essential for answering
a suite of basic and applied ecological questions. However, time constraint associated with sampling
underwater by scuba diving is a ma

The genetic structure and phylogeography of
the brown seaweed Sargassum horneri/Wlicinum complex

in Japan were studied based on the mitochondrial cox3 hap-
lotype. The cox3 haplotypes found were divided into three

clades in a st

Nutrient inputs associated with coastal population growth threaten the integrity of coastal ecosystems around the globe. In order to assess the
threat posed by rapid growth in tourism, we analyzed the nutrient concentrations as well as the d15N of

Sponge–seaweed associations in the seaweed genus Ptilophora are poorly understood; therefore, 94 specimens, representing all 17 species of Ptilophora, were examined to detail this phenomenon. All but 2 Ptilo

The phylogenetic relationships and taxonomic status of the Gelidialean genera Onikusa Akatsuka and Suhria J. Agardh ex Endlicher were examined based on analyses of molecular and morphological characters. The DNA s

Rapid scale growth of intensive mariculture systems can often lead to adverse impacts on the environment. Intensive
fish and shrimp farming, being defined as throughput-based systems, have a continuous or pulse release of nutrients
that adds

Sponges are often as abundant as corals on tropical coral reefs and many species are symbiotic with algae. These associations may contribute significantly to reef primary productivity. This paper describes the first study e

Recent studies of the rocky shores of the Azores archipelago have provided information on community structure allowing provisional identification of plant-characterised biotopes (habitats and their associated communiti

Selective grazing by herbivores can have large effects on the population dynamics and community structure of primary producers. However, the ecological impacts of within-species herbivore preference for tissues of

Many algal species have life cycles that involve an obligate alternation of generations between nearly identical, free-living haploid and diploid individuals. The percentages of haploids to diploids, and the spatial and tem

In recent decades, global climate change [1] has caused
profound biological changes across the planet [2–6].
However, there is a great disparity in the strength of evidence
among different ecosystems and between hemispheres:

The effect of the modifications of the threshold values generally adopted for the five EcoQ (Ecological Quality) classes recognized by
the European Water Framework Directive (WFD) for the most used benthic indicators and diversity indicators (AMBI

Rafting on biotic and abiotic substrata has been reported for many benthic marine invertebrates. Here, I describe

important characteristics of common floating substrata and review published studies examining the succession of
the assemblage

Recent molecular sequencing results involving multi-
ple genes require evaluation in the light of pre-
existing morphological data, particularly as different

methodologies and genes produce trees that are
incongruent in some respe

Lessonia trabeculata is a brown sea-
weed inhabiting the rocky subtidal zone along the

coast of central and northern Chile, where it is the

dominant kelp, and an important species in commu-
nity structure. Morphological and repr

It has been debated whether the community structure of an open system is more dependent on
environmental processes associated with niche explanations, or on spatial processes related to dispersal.
Their relative importance may differ among ta

Ceramium inkyuii sp. nov. is newly described based on samples collected from the east coast of Korea and compared with similar species such as C. paniculatum and C. tenerrimum. The new species is characterized by pseudo-dichotomously branched

The objective of this study was to determine the relative importance of mechanisms by which
Chordariu~~ge~~~rm~ (O.F. Muell.) C. Ag. maint~ns rapid summer growth in sea water of low nitrogen
content. Growth and nutrient uptake kinetic measure

Experimental coral plates were placed on four coral reefs to determine the effect that sea urchin and herbivorous fish grazing, and river sediments have on successional changes in algae. Algal functional-group composition,

En este trabajo, se hace un breve recorrido por el estudio de las macroalgas marinas en Cuba. Se hace la
revision de las colecciones y la bibliografía sobre ellas y se elabora una lista de todas las especies de
Rhodophyta, Phaeophyta y

The origin of the red algae has remained an enigma. Historically the Rhodophyta were classified first as plants and later as the most ancient eukaryotic organisms. Recent molecular studies have indicated simi

An analysis and discussion of two mechanisms of apical cell division in filaments of Pleono-
sporium squarrulosum (Harvey) Abbott (Ceramiales) is given. It is suggested that the alternate,

oblique orientation of cross-wall formation during

The persistence of phase shifts from coral-dominated to macroalgae-dominated commu-
nities following disturbances has been largely attributed to reduction of herbivores and eutrophication

on tropical coral reefs. The influence of reduced he

Twenty-two loci were re-evaluated to assess genetic variation and differentiation in three natural populations (two from Gran Canaria and one from Tenerife) of Gelidium (G. canariensis and G. arbuscula). The new data using

To assess the effect of nutrient enrichment on the source and composition of sediment organic carbon (SOC) be-
neath Thalassia hemprichii and Enhalus acoroides in tropical seagrass beds, Xincun Bay, South China Sea, intertidal

sediment, pri

The past decade has seen growing appreciation of the role of regional influences in
determining the structure of local communities. An emerging view among ecologists is that
local community composition is controlled by acting of nested filter

De junio a diciembre de 1982 se tomaron muestras mensuales para la determinación de la
biomasa de las macroalgas flotantes y apífitas en una pradera dezostera murinaL. en Bahía Falsa,

San Quintin. Se instalaron tres tra

From June to December 1982, monthly samples were taken to determine the biomass of drift and epiphytic macroalgae in a Zostera marina meadow, in Babia Falsa, San Quintin. Three transects were determined: -0.95 m. (1),

A new member of Delesseriaceae (Ceramiales, Rhodophyta) is described from Southern Taiwan and the Philippines. On the basis of comparative vegetative and reproductive morphology, and phylogenetic analysis inferred from nuclear-encoded large-subunit rib

A small prostrate filamentous brown alga, isolated from the warm temperate Pacific coast of Japan, was cultured to
investigate its life history, morphology, ultrastructure and molecular phylogenetic position. The isolate had an isomorphic,
di

The taxonomic relationship between Gelidium elegans Kützing and Gelidium subfastigiatum Okamura, two morphologically similar species of the red algal genus Gelidium (Gelidiaceae) growing in the north-wes

A seasonal study of two spring-fed stream systems in south-central Texas was undertaken over a 15-month period
from June 1996 to September 1997. Relative abundance of the epilithic diatom flora, percent cover of macroalgae,

and several phys

Phenotypic differences between the low wave exposure Mazzaella splendens (Setchell et Gardner) Hommersand and the high exposure Mazzaella linearis (Setchell et Gardner) Fredericq could be due to plasticity or gene

Since Chondrophycus poiteaui var. gemmiferus and C. corallopsis fall within the new recently validated segregate genus Palisada K.W. Nam, two new nomenclatural combinations are proposed: Palisada poiteaui var. gem

Las macroalgas pardas del orden Laminariales son un recurso natural
de alta importancia ecológica, económica y social. El ciclo de vida presenta
alternancias de estados, y su éxito reproductivo depende de factores bi&oacu

We investigated the effects of elevation, wave exposure, and year on the proportion of gametophytes and tetrasporophytes in populations of the intertidal red seaweed Mazzaella parksii (= M. cornucopiae, Gigartinaceae) 

Fronds from crowded stands of clonal seaweeds, particularly those in which holdfasts are mostly perennial and are the major source of new fronds every year, are thought not to undergo self-thinning during the growth season,

Ten species are added to the benthic marine algal flora of the Bermuda islands: Caulerpella ambigua, Champia salicornioides, Chondracanthus saundersii sp. nov., Dictyota pinnatifida, Gelidiella lubrica, Gelidiopsis planicau

The wondrously diverse eukaryotes that constitute the red algae have been the focus of numerous recent molecular surveys and remain a rich source of undescribed and little known species for the traditional taxonomist. Molec

A matrix population model of Gelidium sesquipedale, a commercial agarophyte from the Northeast Atlantic, was developed based on demographic data obtained during two years in a commercial stand of Cape Espichel, Portugal. G.

Coalescence is a well documented event in many red algal orders. However, it is as yet unknown if genetic compatibility and phylogenetic relationships could be factors limiting coalescence. Using controlled&n

Previous studies have found that the number of species conforming a bank of microscopic forms in tide pools in central
Chile accounted only for half the number of species present in the macroscopic vegetation around the pools. An
elemental co

The overgrowth of young sporelings by older and larger thalli is often assumed to result in death of the overgrown individual. However, if sporelings and larger conspecifics are able to coalesce, the fate of the overgr

Although spores, sporelings and juveniles of many ecologically important and competitively dominant seaweed species inhabiting intertidal and shallow subtidal habitats may coalesce, it is unknown whether coalescence am

Based on growth patterns, regeneration capabilities and genetic make up, benthic macroalgae
include three groups of species. Similar to land plants, they include clonal and aclonal species, and,
similar to colonial aquatic animals, seaweeds a

Clonal seaweeds are capable of regrowing from thallus fragments, while unitary seaweeds lack this capacity. This
capability determines significant differences in the farming and harvesting models to be applied to the two types
of algae. Farmi

Mortality effects of ecological factors have generally not been tested in field population
studies of benthic algae. We first measured recruitment, growth and survival of the low-intertidal/
shallow-subtidal Lessonia nigrescens at 4 tidal lev

Strain selection studies in Gracilaria chilensis detected significant levels of intra-clonal variation. These findings motivated more detailed studies on the causes and implications of intra-clonal variation in these and ot

Between the late 1960s and the early 1980s, several generations of phycologists in Hawaii and the Philippines, as-
sociated with M. S. Doty, contributed to developing a new approach, and to advance concepts in marine agronomy.

This study re

The concept of the individual links population biology with darwinian selection.
In spite of its importance, the concept is used with great ambiguity.
Confusions seemingly stem from a limited analysis of the variability found in attributes

In late 2001 and early 2002, a dichotomous species of Codium appeared colonizing the low intertidal and
shallow subtidal bottoms of Caldera Bay, northern Chile (27o03’ S, 70o51’ W). Due to the ecological and
economic impact the sp

On marine rocky shores, macroalgal herbivory is often intense, such that the cascading effects of fish predation may contribute
to the control of algal communities. To estimate the magnitudes of top–down and bottom–up control on a macr

The reattachment and vegetative growth of tetrasporophytic and cystocarpic fronds of Chondracanthus chamissoi by means of secondary attachment discs was evaluated in vitro. Our results show that both the reattachment of fro

Protozoan parasites of the phylum Apicomplexa contain three genetic elements: the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes characteristic of virtually all eukaryotic cells and a 35-kilobase circular extrachromosomal DNA.

Many streams in Southern Ontario are seriously infested with
excessive seasonal growth of aquatic plants such as Cladophora and
Potamogeton. A direct relationship, with a regression coefficient
of 0.87, was observed between ambient P con

A checklist of Moroccan Ceramiales (Rhodophyceae), based on both literature records and some original data, is presented. The distribution of each taxon for this region (12 Mediterranean and 26 Atlantic localities)&nbs

The biomass of large herbivorous grazing fish
on the shallow reef crest of Myrmidon Reef, Great
Barrier Reef, is 7.0 times that on the reef slope (15 m
depth), and 2.3 times that on the reef flat. Biomass of
algal turfs on the crest

The discovery that a molecular motor of the kinesin family is involved in turning a multicellular green alga inside out might have implications for similar events in animal development.

Laboratory and field studies on growth of Sarcothalia crispata, which is one of the most important carrageen ophytes of Chile, were made in to assess its viability and growth in a system of suspended culture. In vitro&

Distribution and phenology of some filamentous species of Rhodomelaceae in the low littoral and shallow sublittoral zones of an exposed, western Mediterranean rocky shore were studied for 1 year. The spatial distribution of

Little is known about the dynamics and the ecological interactions among ramets (fronds) from populations of clonal red seaweeds. Small ramets are very difficult to tag, so their growth cannot be monitored di

The clonal seaweed Chondrus crispus (Rhodophyta, Gigartinales) forms extensive stands at low intertidal elevations on
wave-sheltered rocky shores of the North Atlantic. This study investigates if this bushy alga acts as a foundation species in

In this manuscript we define a new term we call coastal groundwater discharge (CGD), which is related to
submarine groundwater discharge (SGD), but occurs when seawater intrudes inland to force brackish
groundwater to discharge to the coastal

Different propagation techniques for cultivation of vegetative Gigartina skottsbergii fronds were tested using a system of suspended ropes, to which inoculants were attached. Our results showed that triangular fragments obt

Se realizaron colectas de algas en la zona de entremareas en varias localidades de Baja California, en repetidos periodos de muestreo a partir de julio de 1978 hasta septiembre de 1983.Se observó la presencia de 21 e

Recent large-scale seagrass declines have prompted experimental investigations of

potential mechanisms. Although many studies have implicated eutrophication or reductions of epi-
phyte grazers in these declines, few experiments have simulta

A phylogeny of marine Rhodophyta has been inferred by a number of methods from nucleotide sequences of nuclear genes encoding small subunit rRNA from 39 species in 15 orders. Sequence divergences are relative

The Core Research Project on HABs in upwelling systems, as a component project of the international sci-
entific programme on the Global Ecology and Oceanography of Harmful Algal Blooms (GEOHAB), pro-
motes a comparative approach within and a

Gracilaria chilensis was grown continuously in tanks over a 13-month period, changing the water only every I5 days, and adding CO2. air and nutrients. Biomass production was markedly seasonal, with a summer maximum of 100 g m-2 day-2 (wet) an

During the summer months, Langstone Harbour, a eutrophic inlet on the south coast of England, is
subject to blooms of green macroalgae commonly referred to as ‘green tides’. In a series of laboratory
experiments, the vegetative gr

Phagocytosis of Coccom~.xa parasilica in Placopecten magellanicus is described. Host

phagocytosis occurs throughout the infective process and can also be demonstrated experi-
mentally using cultured algae. Agranular and granular leukocytes

Descriptive data on extant species of Charophytes have been compiled,
and from them are presented four tables for use in identifying fossils. In the tables,
the species are arranged by increasing quantitative value of (1) maximum oogonium

Decadal-scale observations of marine reserves suggest that indirect
effects on taxa that occur through cascading trophic interactions
take longer to develop than direct effects on target species.
Combining and analyzing a unique set of l

Molecular biotechnology of marine algae is referred to as the biotechnology on the identification, modification,
production and utilization of marine algal molecules. It involves not only the manipulation of macromolecule

The biotechnology of microalgae has gained
considerable importance in recent decades. Applications
range from simple biomass production for food and feed to
valuable products for ecological applications. For most of
these applicatio

Calcification in Rhodogorgon carriebowensis J. Norris et Bucher was associated with a particular cell type in the cortex. Calciferous cells were 4-6 times the length of cortical assimilatory cells. The distal two-

The spread of nonindigenous species into new habitats is having a drastic effect on natural

ecosystems and represents an increasing threat to global biodiversity. In the marine environ-
ment, where data on the movement of invasive species i

The brown seaweed Sargassum vulgare is abun-
dant along the coast of Rio de Janeiro state. An investiga-
tion of the spatial variation of antifouling activity was

conducted, in which algae were collected at five locations
along th

Se describe la evaluación de una técnica de ensilado para algas, adaptada
desde la experiencia del área agrícola como una alternativa para la
alimentación de abalones. Para esto se diseñó un si

Controlling the input of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) from dairies and other livestock
operations into the surrounding air- and water-sheds poses both technical and economic

challenges to the agricultural community. The purpose of this p

Macroalgae blooms of Gracilaria vermiculophylla, Hypnea spinella and Spyridia filamentosa have been found
in coastal lagoons in the SE Gulf of California. Agriculture, livestock, shrimp and poultry farms and sewage

contribute anthropogenic

Polysiphonia is the largest genus of red algae, and several schemes subdividing it into smaller taxa have been proposed since
its original description. Most of these proposals were not generally accepted, and currently the tribe Polysiphonieae con

The southern Australian marine macroalgal flora has the highest levels of species richness

and endemism of any regional macroalgal flora in the world. Analyses of species composition and dis-
tributions for the southern Australian flora hav

Reefs in tropical atoll systems have historically been described on a geomorphic basis, and segregated into loosely defined fore-reef, back-reef, and lagoonal reef zones. However, recent oceanographic monitor

Carrageenan (E-407) and semi-refined carrageenan (E-407a) are some of the main additives used by the food industry for their gelling, emulsifying, thickening, and stabilizing properties. These are natural ingredie

An inexpensive and rapid RNA extraction protocol for brown algae and seagrasses is presented, based on homogenization
in a simple CTAB buffer and selective precipitation of RNA with lithium chloride. The protocol avoids the use of toxic
chaot

Despite an increased awareness by governments and the general public of the need for protecting all types of
aquatic habitats, human impacts continue to impair the services that these ecosystems provide. Increased monitoring
activities that f

Rhizoids were artificially induced by the contact or approach of substrata toward Valonia macrophysa, V. fastigiata and
V. aegagropila cell surfaces. A single, spherical cell produced rhizoids locally at the portion that contacted with a glass

Thirty-nine generic names of living algae are formally proposed for conservation. Two new combinations are made, Hormiscia gregaria (Braun) P. C. Silva, replacing H. neglecta Kornmann in connection with the proposal to cons

The recently developed random amplified polymorphic DNA technique was evaluated as n method for characterizing isolates of the agarophyte Gelidium vagum Okamura. Reaction conditions for single primer polymerase ch

There is a net discharge of water and nutrients
through Long Key Channel from Florida Bay to the Florida
Keys National Marine Sanctuary (FKNMS). There has been
speculation that this water and its constituents may be
contributing to

The atmophytic, lime-incrusting alga Geitleria calcarea (Cyanophyta, Stigonemataceae), discovered in 1955 by Friedmann in two caves of Israel, has been found in six caves in France. Ecological conditions at all habitats are

The agarophyte Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis is both important for biological research and of significant economic value. However, the genetic diversity of wild populations of the alga has not been studied. We

Sexual reproduction in the green alga, Chlamydomonas, is
regulated by environmental conditions and by cell–cell
interactions. After gametogenesis, flagellar adhesion
between gametes triggers gamete activation, leading to cell

The red alga Chondracanthus squarrulosus was cultured under semi-controlled conditions to evaluate growth (biomass production) with agricultural fertilizers (ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulphate and urea) vs. analytical grad

Over the past several decades, the fixation of ‘‘new’’ nitrogen to the biosphere has doubled. For the early 21st century, the most
significant rate increases in atmospheric nitrogen deposition are predicted for developing n

The costs of self-fertilization were evaluated for the giant kelp, Macrocystis
pyrifera. Macrocystis, like other kelps, has a biphasic life history in which the dispersal

stage is the 1N spore generation. Once spores settle, they grow into